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February 14 - March 28, 2018

1/22/2018

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Housekeeping:  We are now studying work, power and energy in physics.  We will relate this content to the human body before we do the sports science unit.  This unit's going to have some math in it, so keep calculators handy.

The science fair is coming.  You need to start thinking about potential topics.  I don't suggest doing plant projects because you will need at least 50 plants and one month to experiment with them.  The best suggestion is to find past projects and revise them by changing the independent variable.


Essential Idea:  Recognize how work and power describe how energy moves through the environment.

Content Review: 
Links:  Work, Energy & Power       Work, Energy & Power II       Simple Machines  
 
Student Missions:
Mission 1: ENERGY!  Where the Power Lies!
Mission Objectives.  You should be able to:
1. Define "energy," "work," and "power."
2. Explain how energy, work and power are related.
3. Calculate work done.
4. Correctly calculate power used.
5. Design a lab to measure work, power and energy.
Energy as defined in physics is the ability to do work.  Work is defined as the movement of a force over a certain distance.  The energy of an object can take many forms: thermal energy (heat), chemical energy (chemical bonds), potential energy and kinetic energy.  Potential energy is stored energy, or energy of position.  Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Objects are either at rest or in motion, so, generally speaking, PE can equal KE.

The equation for potential energy is m * g * h.  m is mass (kg), h is height (m), and g is gravity (9.8 m/s2).

The equation for kinetic energy is 1/2 m * v2.  m is mass (kg) and v is velocity (m/s).

Usually, we look at a combination of PE & KE, which, when combined, is mechanical energy (ME).

Now let's talk about work.  As stated above, work is defined as movement of an external force (F) over a particular distance (d).  Work describes something that is being done to an object.  ​The equation for work is Force (capital letter F) times distance.  So Work = F*d.  Force is measured in newtons (N) and distance is measured in meters (m).  The unit Newton-meter (N*m) is better known as the joule (J).

Power is defined as work over time.  The unit for power is the watt.

Let's work some practice problems.  You should be able to complete #1-20, Sample Problems #7-21, Work problems: #1, #4, #8-14, #16-19.  We will review these in class.
Mission 2: Machine's Way.
Mission Objectives.  You should be able to:
1. List and describe six simple machines.
2. Explain and determine mechanical advantage.
3. Analyze compound machines and describe them in terms of simple machines.
4. Calculate efficiency for simple and compound machines.


This is a lovely PowerPoint that takes you through all six simple machines, including mechanical advantage.  If this does not satisfy your hankering for machine knowledge, you can also go here to learn more.
We will practice calculating mechanical advantage in class.
Mission 3: Let's Build!
Mission Objective.  You should be able to...

1.  Construct two simple machines that work.


Your project for this unit is to construct two simple machines.  The machines must have a purpose and actually work.  You need to be able to calculate the mechanical advantage for each machine.  I will provide a rubric as soon as possible.  You will work in six groups of three members each.  You will be given some class time to construct the machines and you must provide your own materials.  

​Go here to find examples of each type of machine.  This project is due April 17, 2018.
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January 23 - Feb 13, 2018

1/21/2018

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For the next two weeks, you guys will work on this semester's research project.  You and one other person will investigate one of the following food-borne illnesses and present your research to the class. 

Norovirus
Salmonella  Alta & Jenny
Clostridium perfringens  Remy & Soo Yeong
Campylobacter  Charllote & Cella
Staphylococcus   Austin & Max
Clostridium botulinum  Sharon & Alfi
Listeria
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli  Nicole & Felisia
Vibrio  Victor & Arvin
Hepatitis A  Joo Joo & Michelle
Trichinosis
Gastroenteritis  Jacqueline & Arielle
Tapeworm Infection

Outline your paper according to the following:

I.  Introduction.  Define and discuss foodborne illnesses  in general terms.  End your intro with a statement about which illness your paper will focus on.  This is your thesis statement.

II.  Body paragraph 1.  Introduce your illness.  How do patients contract it?  How long does it last?  What are the symptoms and side effects?  Provide examples.

III.  Body paragraph 2.  Discuss how the illness is treated.  Provide examples.

IV.  Conclusion.  Summarize the paper.  Evaluate the research that you have examined and discuss the its implications.  Do you believe that your foodborne illness will eventually be eradicated or not?  Why?
​

Your presentation has two components: a 2-page essay and a class presentation.  I will distribute rubrics so that you have a format to follow.  Presentations will take place during the week of February 6 - 8, 2018.  A rough draft of the essay is due February 7.  Final drafts are due February 15. 
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January 4 - 19, 2018

1/3/2018

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Picture
Housekeeping:  Happy New Year, guys!  We will be doing some solution chemistry for the next couple of weeks and then move into some basic physics.  Solution chemistry is very easy.

Agenda: 
1. Intro to solution chemistry
2. The solvation process


Content Review: 
Download these notes:  Solutions  Solubility

Student Missions:
Mission 1: The Problem is the Solution
Mission Objectives.  You should be able to:
1.  Define these terms: solution, solute, solvent, solubility, soluble, insoluble, miscible, and immiscible.
2.  Provide examples of solutions in all three states of matter.
3.  Calculate solution concentrations using percent by mass and percent by volume.

Image from slideplayer.com
Picture
For the following video, start at 2:15 where he begins discussing solutions.
Calculating percent by mass and percent by volume.  Watch the following video. Stop at 5:00.  Make sure you take notes and understand the formulas.  Complete the practice problems below the video.
Practice Problems

Mission 2: SOLVATION, Y'ALL!!!
Mission Objectives.  You should be able to:
1. Describe the process of solvation.
2. Compare and contrast the solvation processes between ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
3. Identify the factors that affect solvation.
4. Define and explain the following terms: 
unsaturated, saturated, supersaturated, concentrated and dilute.
Here is a marvelous powerpoint that talks about the solvation process and solubility.  

Here is the lab we will do in class.

grade_8_solutions_lab.docx
File Size: 118 kb
File Type: docx
Download File

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