Housekeeping: Your test over Chapter 1 is next Tuesday. If that is too soon for you, then the only other option is next Friday. Your semester final is on Wednesday, December 6. Your lab report is due the week after semester finals.
Agenda:
1. Stem Cells
2. Endosymbiosis
3. Cell Cycle
Content Review:
Weebly Links: 1.1 Cells Organelles: Ivy Roses
Textbook Readings: Section 1.5 - 1.6
Student Missions:
Mission 1: What the frack is a stem cell? And why are people in their feelings about it?
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Explain why stem cells are so significant in terms of what they are able to do.
2. Explain why stem cell research is so controversial. Provide examples.
Ethics in stem cell research. Using pluripotent stem cells is very controversial because the cells come from frozen embryos garnered from in vitro fertilization. These embryos die when they are harvested, and to many, this is akin to murder. Others believe that using stem cells to treat diseases should be an acceptable practice that could result in the reduction of human suffering. In many countries, stem cell research is banned because of local cultural and religious traditions. What are the rules for stem cell research in Indonesia? How do you feel about stem cell research?
Here we have a short video talking about stem cells and what they're used for. What does pluripotent mean? Be able to describe the different types of stem cells and what makes them so significant.
Image from cryo-cell.com
Agenda:
1. Stem Cells
2. Endosymbiosis
3. Cell Cycle
Content Review:
Weebly Links: 1.1 Cells Organelles: Ivy Roses
Textbook Readings: Section 1.5 - 1.6
Student Missions:
Mission 1: What the frack is a stem cell? And why are people in their feelings about it?
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Explain why stem cells are so significant in terms of what they are able to do.
2. Explain why stem cell research is so controversial. Provide examples.
Ethics in stem cell research. Using pluripotent stem cells is very controversial because the cells come from frozen embryos garnered from in vitro fertilization. These embryos die when they are harvested, and to many, this is akin to murder. Others believe that using stem cells to treat diseases should be an acceptable practice that could result in the reduction of human suffering. In many countries, stem cell research is banned because of local cultural and religious traditions. What are the rules for stem cell research in Indonesia? How do you feel about stem cell research?
Here we have a short video talking about stem cells and what they're used for. What does pluripotent mean? Be able to describe the different types of stem cells and what makes them so significant.
Image from cryo-cell.com
This is an online interactive tutorial designed to teach you more about stem cell research.
Mission 2: Specialization & Differentiation. Ain't They the Same?
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe the difference between cell differentiation and cell specialization.
2. Illustrate how a cell differentiates and specializes from a single cell.
Cell Differentiation. What is it? What does it mean? What's so special about the bundle of cells in an embryo? What does the phrase "expression of certain specific genes" refer to? Give an example. What is cell specialization? Is it different from differentiation? Be able to explain and give an example.
Mission 2: Specialization & Differentiation. Ain't They the Same?
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe the difference between cell differentiation and cell specialization.
2. Illustrate how a cell differentiates and specializes from a single cell.
Cell Differentiation. What is it? What does it mean? What's so special about the bundle of cells in an embryo? What does the phrase "expression of certain specific genes" refer to? Give an example. What is cell specialization? Is it different from differentiation? Be able to explain and give an example.
Mission 3: So the problem is???
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe exceptions to the cell theory.
2. Explain a significant missing component to cell theory.
According to the cell theory, cells are the smallest units of life and come from pre-existing cells. But where did the first cells originate? This short video postulates on some possible origins. You should be able to name three of them.
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe exceptions to the cell theory.
2. Explain a significant missing component to cell theory.
According to the cell theory, cells are the smallest units of life and come from pre-existing cells. But where did the first cells originate? This short video postulates on some possible origins. You should be able to name three of them.
Though most cells follow standard behavior protocols, there's always some examples that proves the rule. Continued research must be done to see where these examples fall within cellular biology.
Exceptions are:
Mission 4: Endosymbiosis...Or That Time When A Bacteria Boo'ed Up With a Eukaryote.
Mission Objective. You should be able to...
1. Describe and explain endosymbiosis and name two organisms that demonstrate this theory.
Exceptions are:
- There are multi-nucleated cells of striated muscle cells, fungal hyphae and several types of giant algae
- There are very large cells with continuous cytoplasm that are not compartmentalized into separate smaller cells
- Existence of viruses, which are not classified as "living"
- The problem of explaining the origin of cells without spontaneous generation.
Mission 4: Endosymbiosis...Or That Time When A Bacteria Boo'ed Up With a Eukaryote.
Mission Objective. You should be able to...
1. Describe and explain endosymbiosis and name two organisms that demonstrate this theory.
Who is Lynn Margulis and why is she significant? What is an obligate symbiont? Give two examples.
Homework: Review the material for Section 1.5. Use this review PowerPoint.
Mission 5: The Cell Cycle
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. List and describe each phase in the cell cycle.
2. Describe how DNA forms chromosomes.
3. Describe and explain the role of cyclins during interphase.
4. Identify the phases of mitosis in electron micrographs.
5. Describe the purpose of and/or outcome of mitosis.
This should be nothing short of a comprehensive review of what you learned back in 9th grade. No shocked faces or faux outrage, ok???
Homework: Review the material for Section 1.5. Use this review PowerPoint.
Mission 5: The Cell Cycle
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. List and describe each phase in the cell cycle.
2. Describe how DNA forms chromosomes.
3. Describe and explain the role of cyclins during interphase.
4. Identify the phases of mitosis in electron micrographs.
5. Describe the purpose of and/or outcome of mitosis.
This should be nothing short of a comprehensive review of what you learned back in 9th grade. No shocked faces or faux outrage, ok???
Take an interactive tour of mitosis in an animal cell!
Questions to consider: Why do you think interphase has to be divided into mini-phases? Can you describe what happens during each phase of mitosis? Can you SKETCH what happens during each phase of mitosis? Create a T-chart that describes each phase with a corresponding sketch.
Can you identify the phases of mitosis in electron micrographs? Look at the examples below.
Image 1: www.science.sciencemag.org Image 2: www.vcbioscience.ru.nl
Questions to consider: Why do you think interphase has to be divided into mini-phases? Can you describe what happens during each phase of mitosis? Can you SKETCH what happens during each phase of mitosis? Create a T-chart that describes each phase with a corresponding sketch.
Can you identify the phases of mitosis in electron micrographs? Look at the examples below.
Image 1: www.science.sciencemag.org Image 2: www.vcbioscience.ru.nl
Mission 6: Cancer...Cells Gone Wild!
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe the development of primary and secondary tumors.
2. Explain the purpose and function of the mitotic index.
When mitosis goes awry, a mass of abnormal cells results, commonly called a tumor. A primary tumor is one that originates at the original site of a cancer. Secondary tumors, also known as metastasis, are tumors that spread from the primary site to another location in the body. Examples of metastasis would be a brain tumor composed of breast cancer cells or lung tumors composed of liver cancer cells. Metastasis can be so extensive that there may be multiple secondary tumors in different locations within the body.
Cancer is an insidious, nasty little killer...and there is still no known cure. The key to it may lie in one of your brains. I certainly hope so.
The Mitotic Index. The mitotic index (MI) is a ratio of cells in a tissue type undergoing mitosis to cells in the same tissue type not undergoing mitosis. A higher MI indicates rapid proliferation (to grow or multiply; specifically cells) of cells, and tumors with higher MIs may be harder to control and could lead to a poorer prognosis than a patient with a low MI. Practice determining the mitotic index with this virtual lab. This is the worksheet that goes with the lab.
Check out this creepy little horror movie showing normal cell growth versus cancerous cell growth. I needed a moment after watching this horrific thing.
The second video describes cells acting clean the funk up compared to cells who have home training. This video goes into significant detail about how cancerous cells form. Vocabulary you need to know: oncogenes, mutagens, mutation, mutagen and angiogenesis. Question to consider: How or why does a cancer cell forms?
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Describe the development of primary and secondary tumors.
2. Explain the purpose and function of the mitotic index.
When mitosis goes awry, a mass of abnormal cells results, commonly called a tumor. A primary tumor is one that originates at the original site of a cancer. Secondary tumors, also known as metastasis, are tumors that spread from the primary site to another location in the body. Examples of metastasis would be a brain tumor composed of breast cancer cells or lung tumors composed of liver cancer cells. Metastasis can be so extensive that there may be multiple secondary tumors in different locations within the body.
Cancer is an insidious, nasty little killer...and there is still no known cure. The key to it may lie in one of your brains. I certainly hope so.
The Mitotic Index. The mitotic index (MI) is a ratio of cells in a tissue type undergoing mitosis to cells in the same tissue type not undergoing mitosis. A higher MI indicates rapid proliferation (to grow or multiply; specifically cells) of cells, and tumors with higher MIs may be harder to control and could lead to a poorer prognosis than a patient with a low MI. Practice determining the mitotic index with this virtual lab. This is the worksheet that goes with the lab.
Check out this creepy little horror movie showing normal cell growth versus cancerous cell growth. I needed a moment after watching this horrific thing.
The second video describes cells acting clean the funk up compared to cells who have home training. This video goes into significant detail about how cancerous cells form. Vocabulary you need to know: oncogenes, mutagens, mutation, mutagen and angiogenesis. Question to consider: How or why does a cancer cell forms?
Smoking is one of the leading causes of cancer. It is a mutagen. Cigarette corporations in the past have suppressed the results of tests that link smoking with cancer. It has only been within the past two or so decades that these corporations have had to acknowledge that smoking may lead to cancer and labels have been applied to cigarette packages and addenda to commercials added.
What do you think about the ethical considerations of corporations suppressing such results? Do you think that cigarette companies are the only corporations suppressing adverse data and/or results? What can you tell me about life, products, and companies that may engage in unethical practices in terms of reporting information so that citizens can make informed health decisions?
Homework: Corresponding workbook pages.
What do you think about the ethical considerations of corporations suppressing such results? Do you think that cigarette companies are the only corporations suppressing adverse data and/or results? What can you tell me about life, products, and companies that may engage in unethical practices in terms of reporting information so that citizens can make informed health decisions?
Homework: Corresponding workbook pages.