Housekeeping: This week we will cover respiration and photosynthesis. These are complementary processes that you should be somewhat familiar with from 9th grade. You already have practice questions in the packets I gave last week. Insha'Allah, we will review the questions on Thursday to prepare for your exam.
Here are some study aids to help you with photosynthesis and respiration. They're not nearly as good as the DNA handouts, but maybe they will help you guys study. You can also find more detailed notes here and here. I'll keep searching.
Agenda:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
Content Review:
Links: Photosynthesis & Respiration
Textbook Readings: Chapter 2, section 2.8 & 2.9
Student Missions:
Mission 1: The Mighty Mitochondria!!
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Draw and annotate the inside of a mitochondrion.
2. Explain how cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds.
3. Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
4. Describe the process of cellular respiration as it relates to a mitochondrion.
The mitochondria are the sites where energy is produced to power the cell...and everything else. Muscle cells have lots and lots of mitochondria; can you guess why? Neurons do not have as many; can you guess why?
In order to get into cellular respiration, you need to understand the structures and functions of the inside of a mitochondrion. Where does each component of cellular respiration take place? We will come back to this in Mission 2.
Task #1: Draw and annotate the inside of a mitochondrion. Describe and define the structures and functions of the following: (a) matrix, (b) cristae, (c) inner membrane, (d) outer membrane, and (e) ribosomes. Please make it large enough so that I can see the structures and can read the functions. Here is your model. I want a nice, neat, colorful mitochondria.
Here are some study aids to help you with photosynthesis and respiration. They're not nearly as good as the DNA handouts, but maybe they will help you guys study. You can also find more detailed notes here and here. I'll keep searching.
Agenda:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
Content Review:
Links: Photosynthesis & Respiration
Textbook Readings: Chapter 2, section 2.8 & 2.9
Student Missions:
Mission 1: The Mighty Mitochondria!!
Mission Objectives. You should be able to...
1. Draw and annotate the inside of a mitochondrion.
2. Explain how cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds.
3. Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
4. Describe the process of cellular respiration as it relates to a mitochondrion.
The mitochondria are the sites where energy is produced to power the cell...and everything else. Muscle cells have lots and lots of mitochondria; can you guess why? Neurons do not have as many; can you guess why?
In order to get into cellular respiration, you need to understand the structures and functions of the inside of a mitochondrion. Where does each component of cellular respiration take place? We will come back to this in Mission 2.
Task #1: Draw and annotate the inside of a mitochondrion. Describe and define the structures and functions of the following: (a) matrix, (b) cristae, (c) inner membrane, (d) outer membrane, and (e) ribosomes. Please make it large enough so that I can see the structures and can read the functions. Here is your model. I want a nice, neat, colorful mitochondria.
I am providing two videos: one from Crash Course and the other from Bozeman Science. Each video covers cellular respiration in different ways, but the content is exactly the same.
What you need to listen for/learn: (a) the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, (b) where the energy is in glucose and where it goes when bonds break, (c) why respiration must take place within the mitochondria (and what happens if it didn't), (e) summarize the three steps of respiration and include the location and products of each step, (f) why anaerobic respiration sometimes must take place and its effects on the body, (g) explain the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation, and (f) relate the steps of respiration to the structure of the inner mitochondrion.
**Also, take note of the roles of NADH, FADH, and NAD+, as well as oxygen, protons and electrons in the respiration process
What you need to listen for/learn: (a) the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, (b) where the energy is in glucose and where it goes when bonds break, (c) why respiration must take place within the mitochondria (and what happens if it didn't), (e) summarize the three steps of respiration and include the location and products of each step, (f) why anaerobic respiration sometimes must take place and its effects on the body, (g) explain the difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation, and (f) relate the steps of respiration to the structure of the inner mitochondrion.
**Also, take note of the roles of NADH, FADH, and NAD+, as well as oxygen, protons and electrons in the respiration process
Mission 2: Super GREEN!!!
1. Draw and annotate the inside of a chloroplast.
2. Describe the process of photosynthesis.
3. State what wavelengths of light is used by plants in photosynthesis.
4. Describe the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the converse process of respiration. Here, light energy is converted into glucose and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plants. The pigment chlorophyll is what makes plants green. Here is an image of the electromagnetic spectrum, courtesy of your textbook.
1. Draw and annotate the inside of a chloroplast.
2. Describe the process of photosynthesis.
3. State what wavelengths of light is used by plants in photosynthesis.
4. Describe the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the converse process of respiration. Here, light energy is converted into glucose and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplasts of plants. The pigment chlorophyll is what makes plants green. Here is an image of the electromagnetic spectrum, courtesy of your textbook.
And here is a graph showing the wavelengths at which chlorophyll is absorbed and reflected. Notice the dip in the middle between 500 and 600 nanometers? That is where green is reflected. The peaks in blue and in red are absorbed.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent and light-independent. Light-dependent reactions (LDR) obviously involve the sun. Light energy is converted into ATP and split water into hydrogen and oxygen (called photolysis). The oxygen is released as a waste product (which we need to breathe). So the products of LDR are hydrogen and ATP.
Light-independent reactions (LIR) do not necessarily require sunlight in order to take place. The ATP and hydrogen are used as forms of chemical energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into useful molecules for the plant. It takes six carbon dioxide molecules to form one glucose molecule.
Fixation is the process by which this happens. Carbon dioxide and water are fixed into glucose and oxygen is produced as a waste product. Fixation requires energy, which comes from the ATP and hydrogen created in the LDR, which came from sunlight.
The rate of photosynthesis is dependent upon environmental factors, such as intensity of light and air temperature. During the daytime, the rate may be very high for a particular plant. At night, the rate of photosynthesis may drop to zero. Measuring the rate of oxygen production or carbon dioxide intake is an indicator of photosynthetic rate as long as a correction is made for cell respiration.
Light-independent reactions (LIR) do not necessarily require sunlight in order to take place. The ATP and hydrogen are used as forms of chemical energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into useful molecules for the plant. It takes six carbon dioxide molecules to form one glucose molecule.
Fixation is the process by which this happens. Carbon dioxide and water are fixed into glucose and oxygen is produced as a waste product. Fixation requires energy, which comes from the ATP and hydrogen created in the LDR, which came from sunlight.
The rate of photosynthesis is dependent upon environmental factors, such as intensity of light and air temperature. During the daytime, the rate may be very high for a particular plant. At night, the rate of photosynthesis may drop to zero. Measuring the rate of oxygen production or carbon dioxide intake is an indicator of photosynthetic rate as long as a correction is made for cell respiration.
So to sum up, here are some noteworthy images to show you the relationship between us and plants. Can you summarize these processes in words?
Homework: Complete the relevant workbook lessons.